LaTeX: Figures - Figure Captions

Document 1

Figure Captions

LaTeX Source Ready

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{amsmath}

\begin{document}

\section{Double Pendulum: Detailed Captions and Labels}

Consider a planar double pendulum consisting of two point masses $m_1$ and $m_2$ suspended by rigid massless links of lengths $l_1$ and $l_2$. The generalized coordinates are the deflection angles $\theta_1$ and $\theta_2$ measured relative to the downward vertical.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{pendulum.png}
    \caption[Double Pendulum Geometry]{Kinematic configuration of a planar double pendulum showing generalized coordinates $(\theta_1, \theta_2)$, link lengths $(l_1, l_2)$, and positions of point masses $(m_1, m_2)$.}
    \label{fig:double_pendulum_schematic}
\end{figure}

As shown in Figure~\ref{fig:double_pendulum_schematic}, the Cartesian coordinates of the second bob are given by:
\begin{align}
    x_2 &= l_1 \sin\theta_1 + l_2 \sin\theta_2 \
    y_2 &= -l_1 \cos\theta_1 - l_2 \cos\theta_2
\end{align}
The kinetic energy contains nonlinear inertial coupling $\dot{\theta}_1\dot{\theta}_2\cos(\theta_1 - \theta_2)$, generating deterministic chaos for high energy initial states.

\end{document}

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Formulation Guide

Provide short caption for List of Figures: \caption[Short Title]{Long Description}
Place \label{...} directly AFTER \caption{...}
Reference figure within text using non-breaking space: Figure~\ref{...}

The optional square bracket in \caption[short]{full} supplies a concise title for the automated \listoffigures, while rendering the comprehensive description beneath the illustration. The label \label{fig:key} MUST always follow the caption to bind to the correct figure counter.

Document 2

Figure Captions

.tex

LaTeX Source Ready

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage[font=small,labelfont=bf,labelsep=period]{caption}

\begin{document}

\section{Electromagnetic Field Tensor: Styled Captions}

In covariant relativistic electrodynamics, the electric field $\mathbf{E}$ and magnetic flux density $\mathbf{B}$ form the components of the rank-2 antisymmetric Faraday tensor $F^{\mu\nu}$:
\begin{equation}
    F^{\mu\nu} = \partial^\mu A^\nu - \partial^\nu A^\mu
\end{equation}
where $A^\mu = (\phi/c, \mathbf{A})$ represents the electromagnetic 4-potential.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
    \centering
    \includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{em_tensor.png}
    \caption{Antisymmetric matrix structure of the $4\times 4$ electromagnetic field tensor $F^{\mu\nu}$ and its dual tensor $\tilde{F}^{\mu\nu}$.}
    \label{fig:em_tensor_layout}
\end{figure}

The source-free Maxwell equations take the compact 4-divergence form:
\begin{equation}
    \partial_\mu F^{\mu\nu} = \mu_0 J^\nu, \quad \partial_\mu \tilde{F}^{\mu\nu} = 0
\end{equation}

\end{document}

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Formulation Guide

Customize caption package: \usepackage[font=small,labelfont=bf,labelsep=period]{caption}
Boldface figure labels (e.g., Figure 1.)
Reduce font size for scientific captions to differentiate from body text

The caption package provides complete typographic control over caption presentation. Options like font=small and labelfont=bf match the rigorous styling requirements of physical society journals.

LaTeX 8.3 Figure Captions

Figure Captions

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Formulation Guide

Figure Captions

Rendered Output Preview

Formulation Guide